1.25 meters
VHF band between 222 and 225 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
Example: There aren't many repeaters on the 1.25-meter band.
See also VHF, Band
10 meters
HF band between 28 and 29.700 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also HF, Band
12 meters
HF band between 24.890 and 24.990 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also HF, Band
15 meters
HF band between 21.025 and 21.450 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also HF, Band
160 meters
MF band between 300 kilohertz (kHz) and 3 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also MF, Band
17 meters
HF band between 18 and 18.168 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also HF, Band
2 meters
VHF band between 144 and 148 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
Example: There are a lot of repeaters on the 2-meter band in this area.
See also VHF, Band
20 meters
HF band between 14 and 14.35 megahertz (MHz) in the United States; a very popular band for daytime use
Example: I can barely find an available frequency on 20-meters for my POTA activation!
See also HF, Band
2200 meters
LF band between 135.7 and 137.8 kilohertz (kHz) in the United States
See also LF, Band
23 centimeters
UHF band between 1270 and 1295 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also UHF, Band
30 meters
HF band between 10.1 and 10.15 MHz in the United States with a maximum power of 200 watts
See also HF, Band
33 centimeters
UHF band between 902 and 928 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also UHF, Band
40 meters
HF band between 7 and 7.3 megahertz (MHz) in the United States; a very popular band for use during all seasons
See also HF, Band
44Net
See AMPRNet
6 meters
VHF band between 50 and 54 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
Example: The 6-meter band is the magic band!
See also VHF, Band
60 meters
HF band between 5.332 and 5.405 megahertz (MHz) limited to five specific channels on upper side band (USB) in the United States
See also HF, Band
630 meters
MF band between 472 and 479 kilohertz (kHz) in the United States; lies directly below the commercial AM broadcast bands
See also MF, Band
70 centimeters
UHF band between 420 and 450 megahertz (MHz) in the United States
See also UHF, Band
73
Cheers/Best Regards
Example: Thanks for the QSO and 73 from K0UOG.
80 meters
HF band between 3 and 4 megahertz (MHz) in the United States; optimal for use at night during the winter
See also HF, Band
88
Hugs and Kisses, rarely used, most often heard in Morse code QSOs
Example: 88 de K0UOG
ADIF
See Amateur Data Interchange Format
AM
See Amplitude Modulation
Amateur Data Interchange Format
An open standard for the electronic exchange of contact data (i.e., QSOs) between amateur radio operators using multiple versions and variants of logging software programs
Example: POTA requires all activation logs to be submitted in ADIF format.
Amateur Radio Emergency Service
An organized group of licensed amateur radio operators who voluntarily support local government or other public service agencies during emergency situations
American Radio Relay League
A national non-profit organization for amateur radio operators and enthusiasts in the United States
Amplitude Modulation
A mode of radio transmission that carries voice by altering the shape of the wave through changing the amplitude, or height, of the wave
AMPRNet
A block of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses (and associated network infrastructure) assigned to amateur radio operators for experimenting with digital communications over radio frequencies; IP addresses in the networks 44.0.0.0/9 and 44.128.0.0/10 are assigned for this purpose
ANT
Antenna; most radios label the jack for the antenna this way; also used in Morse code
Antenna tuner
A device that matches the antenna system input impedance to the transmitter or transceiver output impedance; allows for the optimal output of power to the antenna when transmitting
APRS
See Automatic Packet Reporting System
ARES
See Amateur Radio Emergency Service
ARI
See Associazione Radioamatori Italiani
ARRL
See American Radio Relay League
Associazione Radioamatori Italiani
A national non-profit organization for amateur radio operators and enthusiasts in Italy
Automatic Packet Reporting System
A digital communication protocol used by amateur radio operators to transmit real-time data about position, speed, direction, weather conditions, or other information
Autopatch
A device that allows users on a repeater to make telephone calls via the repeater; more common before the advent of cell phones
Band
A range of contiguous radio frequencies allocated for use by amateur radio operators or others; typically referred to by the approximate wavelength in meters (i.e., the 160-meter band)
Example: ARRL publishes a really useful band plan chart.
See also 2 meters, 6 meters, 1.25 meters, 70 centimeters, 33 centimeters, 23 centimeters, 10 meters, 12 meters, 15 meters, 17 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, 40 meters, 60 meters, 80 meters, 160 meters, 630 meters, 2200 meters
Beaches on the Air
An award program that encourages amateur radio operators to operate portable stations from beaches; making the required number of contacts from a qualifying beach results in a successful activation of that beach
Boat Anchor
An old (and most likely heavy) radio from the earlier years of amateur radio
Example: I bought a boat anchor at the swap meet.
BOTA
See Beaches on the Air
C4FM
A digital mode of radio transmission developed by Yaesu that offers voice, text, and file transfer capabilities
Cabrillo
An open standard for the electronic exchange of contest logging data (i.e., QSOs) between amateur radio operators supported by many logging software programs
Example: CQ WPX requires the use of the Cabrillo format for submitting logs after the contest.
Callsign
A series of letters and numbers uniquely identifying a particular amateur radio operator; callsigns are assigned by the government agency responsible for regulating amateur radio activities in any given country
Example: My callsign is kilo-zero-uniform-oscar-golf, K0UOG.
See also Federal Communications Commission
Chirp
A slight shift in transmitter frequency each time you key the transmitter
Clear
To signal or otherwise indicate that you are off the air
Example: 73 from K0UOG, clear
Continuous Wave
A mode of radio transmission in which the amplitude and frequency remain constant while the wave is turned off and on to transmit information at intervals
Example: Morse code is often sent using Continuous Wave (CW).
Copy
To acknowledge or understand an over-the-air transmission from another amateur radio operator
Example: Copy that, back to you.
Courtesy beep
See Courtesy tone
Courtesy tone
A tone or beep transmitted by a repeater to indicate the end of the current transmission signaling to other stations that they may transmit on the repeater
Example: Wait for the roger beep before you key up.
See also Repeater
CW
See Continuous Wave
DARC
See Deutscher Amateur Radio Club
DE
The Morse code abbreviation for from or this is
Example: 88 de K0UOG
See also Morse code
Deutscher Amateur Radio Club
A national non-profit organization for amateur radio operators and enthusiasts in Germany
Digital Mobile Radio
A digital mode of radio transmission (and digital radio standard) used in many commercial radio networks and also used by amateur radio operators
Example: Brandmeister DMR network provides great services to the ham radio community.
DMR
See Digital Mobile Radio
Double
To talk simultaneously with another amateur radio operator on a frequency or repeater resulting in both transmissions being heard by listeners at the same time
Example: There was a double on the last transmission.
Duplex operation
To transmit and receive on different frequencies, most often using a repeater; the opposite of simplex operation
See also Simplex operation
Duplexer
A device that allows multiple radio transmitters to share a single antenna; repeaters require a duplexer to receive input on one frequency and retransmit output on another frequency
See also Repeater
DX
Shorthand for the word distance; describes communication between two amateur radio operators separated by a large distance; often used to describe contacts with international stations
Example: I got some good DX contacts over the weekend when propagation was good.
DXing
The process of searching for, listening to, and/or operating geographically separated amateur radio stations, usually international stations
See also DX
Earth-Moon-Earth
A method of communicating with another amateur radio operator by reflecting radio signals off the Moon's surface
Elmer
An amateur radio operator who mentors a newly licensed operator
Example: My Elmer helped me program my radio correctly.
EME
See Earth-Moon-Earth
eQSL
A website providing online verification of contacts between amateur radio operators, including electronic exchange of QSL cards and awards
eQSL.cc
See eQSL
Eyeball QSO
A contact or meeting that occurs in person
Example: Let's schedule an eyeball QSO for next week.
FCC
See Federal Communications Commission
Federal Communications Commission
The government agency responsible for regulating the amateur radio service in the United States
Feed line
The wires or cable used to connect a radio to an antenna
Final
The end of an on-air transmission
Example: I'm clear on your final.
FISTS
An amateur radio club for Morse code (CW) enthusiasts founded in 1987 in the United Kingdom
See also Continuous Wave
FM
See Frequency Modulation
Frequency Modulation
A mode of radio transmission that carries voice (or other information) by changing the frequency, affecting the wavelength but not the amplitude
Example: Most repeaters on 2-meters use Frequency Modulation.
Full quieting
A term used by amateur radio operators to describe a good quality FM signal with no static or other background noise other than the sounds picked up by the microphone; often used to describe a quality signal on a repeater
Example: Bob, you are full quieting into the repeater.
See also Frequency Modulation, Repeater
Fusion
See C4FM
German Amateur Radio Club
See Deutscher Amateur Radio Club
Grid square
See Maidenhead Locator System
Ham radio
Amateur radio
Example: She discovered ham radio when she was in college.
HF
High frequency; the range of the radio spectrum between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz)
Example: Propagation on the HF bands is really good right now.
See also 10 meters, 12 meters, 15 meters, 17 meters, 20 meters, 30 meters, 40 meters, 60 meters, 80 meters
Homebrew
Homemade amateur radio equipment
Example: I'm using a homebrew antenna.
IARU
See International Amateur Radio Union
Impedance
The opposition to electrical current in a circuit; when transmitting, the transmitter output impedance and antenna input impedance should be as closely matched as possible
International Amateur Radio Union
An international confederation of national organizations representing amateur radio operators worldwide
IOTA
See Islands on the Air
Islands on the Air
An award program that encourages amateur radio operators to visit, explore, and operate portable stations from islands around the world; making the required number of contacts from a qualifying island results in the successful activation of that island
Italian Amateur Radio Association
See Associazione Radioamatori Italiani
Japan Amateur Radio League
A national non-profit organization for amateur radio operators and enthusiasts in Japan
JARL
See Japan Amateur Radio League
Kerchunk
To press and release the push-to-talk button without speaking or transmitting an audible signal, usually on a repeater
Example: Someone is kerchunking the repeater a lot this afternoon.
Key up
To transmit a signal over the air
Example: Key up when you are ready.
LF
Low frequency; the range of the radio spectrum between 30 and 300 kilohertz (kHz)
See also 2200 meters
Logbook of the World
A web-based contact logging service operated by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that includes contact verification for claiming awards
Example: I uploaded all my contacts from Field Day to Logbook of the World this year.
LoTW
See Logbook of the World
Lower Sideband
A mode of radio transmission that carries voice (or other information) in the area of the wave below the carrier frequency
Example: Most voice operations on the 40-meter band use lower sideband (LSB).
LSB
See Lower Sideband
Maidenhead Locator System
A system used by amateur radio operators to describe a specific geographic coordinate on the Earth; a grid square is approximately 1° latitude by 1° longitude, and is written using letters and numbers
Example: My grid square is DM79pq.
MF
Medium frequency; the range of the radio spectrum between 300 kilohertz (kHz) to 3 megahertz (MHz)
See also 160 meters, 630 meters
Mobile
To transmit while traveling or moving
Example: This is K0UOG, mobile, checking in to the net.
Moonbounce
See Earth-Moon-Earth
Morse code
A mode of radio transmission that encodes letters, numbers, and punctuation as a series of dots and dashes (dits and dahs) that are transmitted as electrical pulses using Continuous Wave (CW) in most cases
Example: Bob learned Morse code in the 1960s when he first got his license.
See also Continuous Wave
National Parks on the Air
A one-year event hosted by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) in 2016 that celebrated the 100th anniversary of the National Park System in the United States; amateur radio operators were encouraged to operate portable stations from the boundaries of US National Parks
Net
An organized on-air meeting or gathering, usually dedicated to a particular club, group, or topic
Example: I checked in to the weekly net on Sunday.
NPOTA
See National Parks on the Air
Offset
The difference between a repeater's input frequency and its output frequency, predetermined for each band by regulation and convention
Example: The offset for the 70-centimeter band is +/- 5.0 MHz, while the offset for the 2-meter band is +/- 600 kHz.
See also Repeater
OM
Old man; all male amateur radio operators are referred to as OMs regardless of age; female amateur radio operators often refer to their husbands as OMs
Example: My OM convinced me to get licensed.
Parks on the Air
An amateur radio award program that encourages operators to visit parks and public lands around the world to make contact with other amateur radio operators; making contact with the required number of stations from the boundaries of the park results in a successful activation of the park
Example: Bob and I did a POTA activation last weekend at Chatfield.
Part 97
A section of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) rules defining and regulating the amateur radio service in the United States
Peak envelope power
The average power of a signal at its largest amplitude peak
PEP
See Peak envelope power
Phone
Refers to any voice transmission or operation on the amateur radio bands
Example: I worked Steve on 40-meter phone last night.
POTA
See Parks on the Air
PTT
The push-to-talk button on a radio or microphone
Example: Press the PTT then wait a second before talking.
Q-code
See Q-signal
Q-signal
A series of standardized three-letter codes starting with the letter Q originally developed in commercial telegraph operations and later adopted by amateur radio operators with some minor modifications; most Q-signals can be used as questions or answers depending on whether or not a question mark is present after the signal
Example: QRP stations are stations operating 5 watts or less of power.
QRL
A Q-signal asking or confirming if a frequency is busy
Example: This is K0UOG, is this frequency in use? QRL?
See also Q-signal
QRM
A Q-signal used to inquire about or indicate interference from other radio signals
Example: There was a lot of QRM on 20 meters earlier today.
See also Q-signal
QRP
A Q-signal indicating a reduction in transmitting power; may also be used to refer to low-power operations as a whole
Example: I enjoy operating QRP during SOTA activations.
See also Q-signal
QRQ
A Q-signal used in Morse code to request that the transmitting station send faster
See also Q-signal
QRS
A Q-signal used in Morse code to request that the transmitting station send more slowly
See also Q-signal
QRT
A Q-signal indicating an intention to cease transmission or operation
Example: After making 45 contacts during my POTA activation, I went QRT.
See also Q-signal
QRV
A Q-signal indicating an intention to begin transmission or operation or signaling a readiness to receive messages
Example: I'll be QRV tomorrow at 0800.
See also Q-signal
QRZ
A Q-signal used to request the identification or callsign of the calling station; often used during busy amateur radio activities to signal the next station to make contact
Example: This is K0UOG on Mount Herman for Summits on the Air. QRZ?
See also Q-signal
QRZ.com
A widely used amateur radio website with a user base from around the world
Example: Check out my page on QRZ.com!
QSL
A common Q-signal used to ask for confirmation of a transmission or confirm receipt of a transmission; may also be used to confirm understanding of information relayed over the air
Example: My callsign is kilo-zero-uniform-oscar-golf. QSL?
QSL card
A written or electronic confirmation of a two-way radio communication between amateur radio operators or a one-way reception of a transmission by a shortwave listener; often sent via the postal mail and very similar in size and format to a postcard; takes its name from the Q-signal QSL which indicates confirmation of a transmission
Example: I got a QSL card from a DX station in Peru.
QST Magazine
Amateur radio magazine published monthly by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)
QSY
A Q-signal indicating a request or intention to change frequency
Example: QSY to 14.25 MHz.
See also Q-signal
QTH
A Q-signal providing or requesting a station's location
Example: What's your QTH?
See also Q-signal
QTH locator
See Maidenhead Locator System
RACES
See Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
A part of the amateur radio service that provides radio communications for civil preparedness organizations during local, regional, or national civil emergencies
Radio Society of Great Britain
A national society for amateur radio operators and enthusiasts in the United Kingdom
Radio Teletype
A text-based mode of radio transmission in which information is transmitted using a series of codes to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation; sometimes referred to as the first digital mode in amateur radio
Ragchew
An informal over-the-air discussion between two or more amateur radio operators
Example: We were ragchewing last night on 40 meters.
Repeater
Radio equipment that receives a signal on one frequency and retransmits (repeats) it on another frequency with higher power and from a better location (i.e., located on a tall building or atop a high mountain); repeaters often use Frequency Modulation as their transmission mode on the VHF and UHF bands
Example: The local FM repeater is located on Squaw Mountain and has a coverage area from the state line all the way to the western edge of the metro area.
See also VHF, UHF, Frequency Modulation
Rig
Refers to radio equipment used by an amateur radio operator to transmit and/or receive
Example: Steve bought a new Yaesu rig last night.
Roger
To agree with a previously transmitted statement or comment
Example: Roger that, Bob.
Roger beep
See Courtesy tone
RSGB
See Radio Society of Great Britain
RST
A system used by amateur radio operators or other radio enthusiasts to describe the quality of a radio signal; R stands for Readability, S stands for Strength, and T stands for Tone; Tone is only applicable to Morse code transmissions
Example: I've got you as a 59 into the park.
RTTY
See Radio Teletype
Rubber duck
A short, inefficient antenna often bundled with handheld transceivers
Example: I can't hit the repeater using my rubber duck antenna.
Shack
The radio room or primary location where radio activities occur in an amateur radio operator's home
Example: I'm getting a new computer for my shack.
Shortwave listener
A person who listens to shortwave radio broadcasts, including amateur radio transmissions, on the medium frequency (MF) and high frequency (HF) bands
Example: Bob collected QSL cards before he was a licensed ham, back in his shortwave listening days.
See also HF, MF, Band
Silent key
An amateur radio operator who is no longer alive
Example: Bob is a silent key now.
Simplex operation
To transmit and receive on the same frequency (i.e., without the use of a repeater)
Example: Almost all transmissions on HF are simplex.
Single-Sideband
A mode of radio transmission that carries voice (or other information) by filtering out the upper or lower side of the wave; much more efficient for transmitting voice than Amplitude Modulation
SK
See Silent key
SKCC
See Straight Key Century Club
Slow-scan television
A mode used by amateur radio operators to transmit non-moving images via radio
SOTA
See Summits on the Air
SSB
See Single-Sideband
SSTV
See Slow-scan television
Stand by
To wait for a response on the air without transmitting, usually indicating that you are listening for further transmissions
Example: Take your time, Bob; this is K0UOG, standing by.
Standing-wave ratio
A measure of the impedance match between the feed line and the antenna
Example: My SWR is 1:1 right now.
Step on
See Double
Example: Sorry, Bob, I stepped on you.
Straight Key Century Club
An organized group of amateur radio operators who utilize only mechanical-key Morse code devices
Example: Straight Key Century Club members only use straight keys, bugs, or cooties.
Summits on the Air
A program that encourages amateur radio operators to operate portable or mobile stations in mountainous areas. Obtaining the required number of contacts from the summit of qualified mountains results in a successful activation of the mountain.
Example: I did a Summits on the Air activation on Mount Herman last weekend.
SWL
See Shortwave listener
SWR
See Standing-wave ratio
SWR meter
A device or instrument for measuring standing-wave radio (SWR); used to determine when an antenna system is working well
See also Standing-wave ratio
Ten-code
A code word or signal used by some amateur radio operators or other radio enthusiasts to transmit short, concise information; although there are no officially standardized ten-codes, a small number of codes are well understood and have entered into common usage
Example: 10-4, Bob, I understand.
Ticket
A common name for an amateur radio license
Example: Bob got his ticket in the 1960s.
Transceiver
A radio transmitter and receiver combined in one unit
Transmission line
See Feed line
UHF
Ultra high frequency; the range of the radio spectrum between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz); many FM repeaters operate on UHF frequencies
Example: You can hit the local repeater on UHF on 443.500 MHz.
See also 70 centimeters, 33 centimeters, 23 centimeters
Unkey
To stop transmitting
Example: Unkey your microphone before coughing.
Upper Sideband
A mode of radio transmission that carries voice (or other information) the area of the wave above the carrier frequency
Example: Most voice operations on the 20-meter band use upper sideband (USB).
USB
See Upper Sideband
VE
See Volunteer Examiner
VHF
Very high frequency; the range of the radio spectrum between 30 and 300 megahertz (MHz); many FM repeaters operate on VHF frequencies
Example: There's a VHF contest next weekend.
See also 2 meters, 6 meters, 1.25 meters
Volunteer Examiner
An amateur radio operator who administers the exam required by government agencies to license a new amateur radio operator
WIRES-X
Wide-coverage Internet Repeater Enhancement System; a digital mode of radio transmission developed by Yaesu that extends the range of amateur radio communication by connecting nodes together via the Internet
Example: Bob usually hangs out in the Colorado rooms on WIRES-X.
World Wide Flora & Fauna
An award program that encourages amateur radio operators to operate portable stations in nature reserves and other protected areas; making the required number of contacts from a qualifying area results in the successful activation of that area
WWFF
See World Wide Flora & Fauna
XYL
Wife (i.e., ex-YL or Extra Young Lady); can be interpreted as derogatory in some contexts, use YL instead
Example: My XYL decided to stay home for Field Day this year.
See also YL, OM
YL
Young lady; originally an unmarried female amateur radio operator, now used for any female
Example: Being a YL in ham radio is exciting!